Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic, known as the “City of a Hundred Spires” and the “Heart of Europe” due to its central location and historic architecture. The city is famous for its well-preserved medieval core, which includes landmarks like the Charles Bridge, Old Town Square, and Prague Castle, the largest ancient castle in the world. Prague has a rich history as the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia, a center for various empires, and a key city in 20th-century European history, notably surviving World War II relatively unscathed.
History and significance
- Royal and imperial center: Prague was a major city during the Holy Roman Empire and the residence of its emperors, particularly Charles IV, who significantly developed the city in the 14th century.
- Cultural and political hub: It was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and later the capital of Czechoslovakia during periods between the World Wars and the Communist era.
- World War II: The city’s historical center was largely spared during the war, preserving its medieval and architectural heritage. Hitler’s alleged plan was to turn Prague’s Jewish quarter into a “museum of an extinct race”.
- Architectural significance: Prague is considered a “textbook of architecture,” with examples of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and Art Nouveau styles, and is the only city with the Rondocubist architectural style.
Geography and climate
- Location: Prague is situated in the middle of Bohemia on the Vltava River.
- Climate: The city has a temperate climate with mild weather.
Attractions and landmarks
- Prague Castle: The world’s largest ancient castle, it is a major attraction that draws millions of visitors annually.
- Charles Bridge: A historic bridge crossing the Vltava River, famous for its statues and views of the city skyline.
- Old Town Square: A historic square featuring the famous Astronomical Clock, which has been in operation since 1410.
- Jewish Quarter: The Josefov quarter has survived for centuries and includes historic sites like the Old New Synagogue, the oldest active synagogue in Europe.
Economy and transportation
- Economy: Tourism is a significant part of Prague’s economy, boosting consumerism and the retail sector.
- Public transportation: The city has an extensive public transport system, including trams, buses, and a metro, making it easy to get around.
- Walkability: The central districts are very walkable, and many attractions can be seen on foot.
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